Deep-sea suprabenthos assemblages (Crustacea) off the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean): Mesoscale variability in diversity and production     

J.E. Cartes  V. Mamouridis  E. Fanelli 《Journal of Sea Research》2011,65(3):340-354

The composition of suprabenthic crustacean assemblages, their diversity, production (P) and production/biomass (P/B) ratios, were analyzed at species level along two transects situated to the north (N) and south (S) of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean) at depths between 134 m and 760 m, based on a ca. bi-monthly sampling performed between August 2003 and June 2004. Differences with depth and season in assemblage composition and diversity were analyzed as a function of the contrasting environmental features (e.g. water mass dynamics) of the two areas. We identified 187 species (18 decapods, 5 euphausiids, 16 mysids, 76 gammaridean amphipods, 13 hyperiids, 1 caprellid, 21 isopods and 37 cumaceans). Substantial mesoscale variability in the deep-sea suprabenthic assemblages coupled with diversity trends between the N and S transects were found. Seasonality was the most important gradient influencing the dynamics of suprabenthos over the upper (350 m) and middle (650–750 m) slope in the N area. Conversely, the S area appeared to be more stable temporally with depth as the main gradient inducing assemblage differences. Different depth-related patterns were observed both for diversity and P/B. To the north diversity was very low at the shelf-break, increasing on the upper-slope (H′ > 3.00) and then decreasing again on the middle-slope. To the south diversity increased smoothly downward, reaching the highest values on the middle-slope. Regarding productivity, P/B was highest at intermediate depths to the north (over ca. 450–500 m), while to the south highest P/Bs were found deeper (over ca. 600–650 m). The higher P/B at intermediate depths found along N are likely due to higher % of organic matter (OM) in sediments, a product of oceanographic frontal systems. In particular, P/B was higher along N among omnivores and detritus feeders (e.g. Andaniexis mimonectes, Lepechinella manco and combined cumaceans), coupled to enriched OM in sediments, while along S mesoplanktonic carnivores (Rhachotropis spp.) had higher P/Bs. We conclude that on the north slope the influence of frontal systems and more active flow dynamics of different water masses (WIW and LIW) increases natural disturbance in the area, increasing productivity and diversity of suprabenthic peracarids in the Benthic Boundary Layer. Also, species showed a displacement of their average distributions (their Centres of Gravity, CoG) to shallower depths along N, which is another indicator of more favorable habitat conditions for suprabenthos in the 400–500 m range at N.  相似文献   

地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的指示意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

汤艳杰  张宏福  英基丰  杨蔚  赵新苗  苏本勋  肖燕 《地球科学与环境学报》2011,33(1):24-33

橄榄石是地幔橄榄岩和辉石岩的主要组成矿物,但也经常以斑晶和捕虏晶的形式出现在玄武质岩石中。结合近年来在地幔橄榄岩的主要元素(如Mg和Fe)组成特征以及Li、Mg和Fe稳定同位素地球化学方面的研究成果,重点对橄榄石的地球化学特征与华北克拉通岩石圈地幔演化过程之间的联系进行了讨论,旨在加深对华北克拉通岩石圈地幔演化过程的理解。现有研究表明:地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的矿物学特征、元素和同位素地球化学组成能够很好地指示岩石圈地幔的特征及其演化过程,因而具有重要的意义。对于克拉通地区的地幔橄榄岩来说,橄榄石的Mg#通常可以指示岩石圈地幔的属性,古老、难熔的地幔橄榄岩中的橄榄石一般具有较高的Mg#(>92),而新生的岩石圈地幔橄榄岩中的橄榄石则具有较低的Mg#(<91)。因此,地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的Mg#在一定程度上具有年龄意义。橄榄岩中橄榄石的Li、Mg和Fe同位素组成也可以明确指示岩石圈地幔的属性及其所经历的演化过程,正常地幔的δ7Li、δ26Mg和δ57Fe组成相对均一,如果上述同位素组成偏离正常地幔值,则说明岩石圈地幔经历了熔体/流体的交代作用。华北克拉通地区地幔橄榄岩捕虏体中橄榄石的Li、Mg和Fe同位素组成研究表明:该区的岩石圈地幔经历了多个阶段、不同来源的熔体/流体的改造过程。  相似文献   

华北克拉通五台群LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈雪  陈岳龙  李大鹏  刘烊  魏娟娟  闫家盼 《地质通报》2015,34(5):861-876

通过对五台群石咀亚群金刚库组4个典型样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素研究,对五台群的形成时代及华北克拉通新太古代—古元古代期间的地壳演化进行了探讨。锆石U-Pb同位素测定结果表明,侵入金刚库组中的片麻状花岗岩锆石的U-Pb年龄为2548Ma,因此五台群的上限年龄约为2.5Ga;金刚库组黑云母石英片岩和片麻状石英闪长岩的原岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为2663Ma和2636Ma,因此五台群的下限年龄约为2.7Ga。五台群的地质年龄为2.5~2.7Ga,属于新太古代。锆石Hf同位素研究结果表明,黑云母石英片岩和片麻状石英闪长岩的二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)均为2.8Ga左右,指示2.8Ga左右是五台山区乃至整个华北克拉通地壳生长的重要时期;片麻状花岗岩tDM2平均为2.57Ga,与锆石结晶年龄非常接近,表明2.5Ga左右也是华北克拉通地壳的主要增生期。地壳的增长是幕式的,2.8Ga和2.5Ga都是华北克拉通地壳生长时期。  相似文献   

西非 Ｒio Muni 盆地复杂盐拱构造油藏特征     

马金苹  胡孝林  郝立华  曹向阳  孙翠娟  张彪 《世界地质》2015,34(3):760-765

为精细解剖西非油气富集的 Ｒio Muni 盆地复杂盐拱构造带上的油藏特征,为其他相似地区油藏评价提供一定参考,以位于复杂盐拱构造带上的 H 油藏为例,利用地震、测井、录井、钻井和 MDT 测试等资料分析 H 油藏的构造、沉积、储层和油层分布特征及成藏主控因素等。研究得出,H 油藏属于典型的构造岩性复合油藏,为构造背景下的岩性边水油藏,具有多套油水系统,构造高部位发育盐刺穿,储层既有浊积砂岩储层又有滑脱灰岩储层,主要分布于构造的翼部低部位,滑脱断层和盐拱是油气成藏的主控因素。  相似文献   

华北克拉通辽东半岛新元古代早期基性岩浆活动:辉绿岩墙年代学和岩石地球化学证据     

韩吉龙  王清海 《世界地质》2015,34(4):886-902

华北克拉通辽东半岛地区广泛发育侵位于青白口系不同层位中的辉绿岩(脉)岩墙,对其锆石CL图像、U--Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征研究得出以下结论。锆石类型有三组:前两组锆石具有早期岩浆作用的锆石属性或结晶基底的变质锆石属性,反映该区辉绿岩岩浆上升过程受到了陆壳的混染;第三组锆石多呈自形--半自形短柱状,发育岩浆振荡生长环带结构或条带结构,具原生岩浆成因锆石属性,锆石SHRIMP U--Pb定年显示其加权平均年龄为832.3±8.1 Ma(n=14,MSWD=1.3),可以代表辉绿岩的结晶年龄。岩石地球化学组成,其具有低Si O_2、Al_2O_3,高TFe_2O_3、MgO、Ti O_2的特征,这与拉斑玄武岩特征相似;其稀土元素总量相对较低(ΣREE=71.88×10~-6~129.64×10~-6),且具弱的正Eu异常和铌亏损;略富集轻稀土元素(LREE)、富集大离子亲石元素(LILE:Rb、Pb、Ba)和高场强元素(HFSE:Th、U、Zr、Ti、Hf),而亏损高场强元素(HFSE:Nb、Sm、Gd、P)等;以上特征指示岩浆源区为富集型地幔,且上侵位就位过程中受陆壳不同程度的同化混染。本文对辉绿岩的研究显示华北克拉通辽东半岛地区在新元古代早期存在基性岩浆活动,结合前人对华北克拉通中元古代晚期—新元古代早期构造--岩浆事件的研究成果,进一步证明了华北克拉通东北部在新元古代早期经历了挤压汇聚后的伸展裂解演化过程,这与Rodinia超大陆聚合和裂解事件一致。  相似文献   

Tree-ring reconstructions of May–June precipitation for western Anatolia     

Nesibe Kse  Ünal Akkemik  H. Nüzhet Dalfes  M. Sinan zeren 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(3):438-450

In this study, we aim to examine past dry and wet events for the western Anatolia, performing local and spatial reconstructions. 17 new black pine site chronologies were developed, May–June precipitation time series were reconstructed for four localities, and the first spatial May–June precipitation reconstruction was achieved for western Anatolia. The long-term local May–June precipitation reconstructions contain mostly one-year and, less commonly, two-year drought events. The longest consecutive dry period (AD 1925–1928) in the reconstructed time series for Kütahya lasted four years. Spatial reconstructions revealed that between AD 1786 and 1930 the extreme dry years for all of western Anatolia were AD 1887, 1893, 1794 and 1740. The driest year during the 215-year-long period under consideration was 1887. The wettest years for the entire western Anatolia were determined to be AD 1835, 1876, 1881 and 1901. There is a big overlap between agricultural famine years and dry years as determined from reconstructions. In this context, our study provides a basis for understanding agricultural drought and better management of regional water resources.  相似文献   

大别山早白垩世变质核杂岩的结构与演化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

冀文斌  林伟  石永红  王清晨  褚杨 《地质科学》2011,46(1):161-180

大别山中部混合岩-片麻岩穹隆的构造属性认识方面一直众说纷纭.通过对中大别杂岩及其边界剪切带或断裂带的构造解析,并结合对前人相关研究的总结,我们将中大别杂岩厘定为早白垩世的变质核杂岩,其中商麻断裂与晓天-磨子潭断裂和水吼-五河剪切带构成了一个完整的拆离断层带,并将变质核杂岩的形成时间限定在145～120 Ma.中大别杂岩...  相似文献   

Late Holocene Neoglacial conditions from the Lesotho highlands, southern Africa: phytolith and stable carbon isotope evidence from the archaeological site of Likoaeng     

Adrian G. Parker  Julia Lee-Thorp  Peter J. Mitchell 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(1):201-211

The late Holocene environmental history of the Lesotho highlands, southern Africa, is poorly understood with few detailed studies to date. At Likoaeng, Senqu Valley, Lesotho, a 3 m stratified sedimentary sequence from an open-air archaeological site records vegetation development for the period 3400-1070 cal. BP. Phytolith analyses and bulk sediment organic matter δ¹³C indicate that C₄ grassland dominated the lower part of the sequence until approximately 2960 cal. BP when there was a switch to C₃ Pooid grassland (2960-2160 cal. BP). Also noted was a change from hunting mainly bovids to a dominance of fishing at the site. The change in grassland type and archaeological subsistence strategies corresponds with an episode of neoglacial cooling and the expansion of Alpine sourgrasses into lower altitudes. From 2160 to 1600 cal. BP grassland became a mix of C₃ and C₄ types and by 1600-1070 cal. BP there was a return to C₄ dominated grassland. During this latter phase there was a reversal from fishing to hunting again (and eventually some keeping of domestic livestock) at the site. These data outline the vegetation response to latitudinal shifts of frontal systems, and relatively strong atmospheric circulation variability, perhaps underpinned by variations of polar water into the Benguela Current during the late Holocene.  相似文献   

河北赞皇地区许亭花岗岩的时代及成因:对华北克拉通中部带构造演化的制约   总被引：19，自引：16，他引：3  

杨崇辉  杜利林  任留东  宋会侠  万渝生  颉颃强  刘增校 《岩石学报》2011,27(4):1003-1016

许亭花岗岩出露于赞皇杂岩中,位于河北省赞皇县西部山区,呈岩基状侵入新太古代TTG片麻岩和变质地层中,SHRIMP 锆石U-Pb年龄为2090±10Ma。岩体主要由钾长-二长花岗岩组成,无暗色包体,偶见围岩的捕掳体。岩体组成不均匀,局部含石英和少量钾长石斑晶,构成似斑状结构。主要的矿物组合为石英+钾长石+斜长石+黑云母+绿帘石±白云母±角闪石,含萤石副矿物。岩石具有高硅(SiO₂＞75%)、富碱(ALK=6.90%~8.75%)、低铝(Al₂O₃ =10.32%~11.64%)、钛(TiO₂=0.26%~0.36%)和贫钙(CaO=0.18%~0.48%)、镁(MgO=0.16%~0.40%)、铁(Fe₂O^T₃=2.58%~3.46%)的特征,为偏铝质到弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列。岩石的稀土总量较高(293.8×10^-6 ~702.8×10^-6),轻稀土相对富集,有明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.1~0.35)。微量元素中,富Zr、Nb和Y,而贫Ba、Sr和P等元素,Rb/Sr比值较高,介于1.45~7.52之间,平均4.31。岩石还具有高的Ga/Al值(3.04×10^-6~4.08×10^-6),具有A型花岗岩特征。在同位素组成方面,具有较低的ε_Nd(t)值(-14.29~-0.29,平均为-5.58)。许亭花岗岩具有板内花岗岩特征,可能与2.1Ga时岩浆板底垫托,导致新太古代TTG岩石部分熔融,并可能有少量古老地壳物质加入。根据岩体性质及岩石组合等特征推测赞皇、阜平、五台等地区的2.1Ga岩浆活动形成于统一的拉张裂解环境。  相似文献   

华北克拉通古元古代晚期地壳演化和荆山群形成时代制约——胶东地区变质中-基性侵入岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  

董春艳  王世进  刘敦一  王金光  颉颃强  王伟  宋志勇  万渝生 《岩石学报》2011,27(6):1699-1706

胶东地区的荆山群呈近东西向环绕太古宙TTG花岗质片麻岩展布,主要由成熟度高的含石墨变泥砂质岩石、钙硅酸岩和大理岩组成,变质程度达高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相,具孔兹岩系性质.变质中-基性岩侵入到荆山群.它们的侵位时代对于探讨华北克拉通东部元古宙构造演化以及对荆山群沉积时代的制约,都有重要意义.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果...  相似文献